By Lani Tamang
Nepal, a central flyway for migratory birds, is gearing up for the Annual Asian Waterbird Census (AWC) 2025. This significant conservation event will take place between January 4 and January 19, 2025, across the country’s rivers, lakes, and wetlands. The census aims to monitor the distribution and population of native and migratory water birds, assess threats to their habitats, and raise awareness about the importance of bird conservation among local communities and stakeholders. The census, conducted under the leadership of Nepalese Ornithological Union (NOU), Bird Conservation Nepal (BCN), National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC) and other authoritative bodies on bird conservation, plays a vital role in preserving Nepal’s rich avian biodiversity. With support from Wetlands International, national parks, wildlife reserves, local communities, and nature guides, this initiative seeks to ensure the sustainability of Nepal’s ecosystems.
Nepal is home to an impressive 892 bird species, nearly 10% of the world’s bird species. Among these, about 200 species are winter migratory birds, traveling from regions such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tibet, Mongolia, and Korea. These birds migrate to Nepal’s wetlands, lakes, and ponds in search of food, which becomes scarce in their snow-covered native habitats during winter. Additionally, approximately 75 summer migratory bird species arrive in Nepal, primarily from southern regions like Sri Lanka and South Africa, to breed and raise their young before returning.
Ankit Bilash Joshi, the conservation manager of BCN, highlights the critical role birds play in maintaining the ecosystem’s balance. “Birds are essential for the ecological cycle,” he stated. “They act as indicators of a wetland’s health and contribute to pollination, seed dispersal, and pest control. Their presence is crucial for sustaining biodiversity and the overall ecosystem.”
The Asian Waterbird Census is an annual event conducted under the global AWC initiative, coordinated by Wetlands International. In Nepal, the census involves a wide array of participants, including volunteers, ornithologists, conservationists, and local communities. During the census, waterbirds are observed and counted, their species identified, and their habitat conditions assessed. The census covers various water bodies in Nepal, including popular bird watching sites such as Kathmandu, Pokhara, Chitwan, Bardiya, Shuklaphanta, and Parsa. The data collected is crucial for understanding the status of Nepal’s waterbird populations and identifying conservation priorities.
BCN encourages individuals and groups to participate in the census, either by joining organized programs or leading their own surveys. “The census is not just about numbers,” Ankit added. “It’s about fostering a connection between people and nature. Community involvement ensures long-term stewardship and conservation of bird habitats.”
BCN is also leveraging modern technology, such as satellite tagging, to monitor bird species more effectively. Currently, the organization is focusing on tagging vultures to study their migration routes, breeding habits, and survival rates. This innovative approach provides invaluable data that can inform conservation strategies for these endangered birds.
To further promote awareness and engagement, BCN organizes weekly birdwatching programs. These events, currently held in Kathmandu and surrounding areas, attract bird enthusiasts, students, ornithologists, nature guides, and photographers. “Birdwatching is not only a recreational activity but also a way to inspire people to protect our avian species,” Amrit explained.
Additionally, BCN recently concluded its urban bird count, conducted from January 1 to January 8, 2025. This biannual event, held in summer and winter, aims to assess the status of urban bird populations and the challenges they face in adapting to human-dominated landscapes.
Despite Nepal’s remarkable efforts, bird conservation faces numerous challenges. Habitat loss due to wetland encroachment, urbanization, and infrastructure development remains a pressing issue. Human activities such as hunting, poisoning, and illegal trapping for meat and entertainment purposes have also contributed to declining bird populations.
Ankit emphasized the need for greater collaboration and awareness to address these challenges. “We must tackle the threats to birds and their habitats head-on. Conservation is a shared responsibility, and everyone has a role to play in protecting our natural heritage.”
Nepal’s bird diversity not only contributes to ecological balance but also boosts the country’s economy through bird-related tourism. Approximately 8% of international tourists visiting Nepal are drawn by its birdwatching opportunities. Recognizing this potential, the Nepal Tourism Board has partnered with BCN to support bird conservation efforts, ensuring that these natural treasures continue to attract visitors from around the world.
The Asian Waterbird Census 2025 is a testament to Nepal’s dedication to conserving its avian biodiversity. By engaging local communities, utilizing advanced technologies, and fostering international collaboration, the country is setting an example for global conservation efforts.
As preparations for the census are underway, BCN calls on individuals, organizations, and stakeholders to join hands in this crucial endeavor. “The census is more than just a scientific exercise,” Ankit concluded. “It’s a celebration of Nepal’s rich birdlife and a commitment to preserving it for generations to come.”
Together, through initiatives like the AWC and ongoing conservation programs, Nepal continues to lead the way in protecting its feathered inhabitants and their habitats, ensuring that its skies remain vibrant and its wetlands thrive as sanctuaries for birds and biodiversity alike.